The Basics
01
Lifespan
2-3 years, some live 4+ years.
03
Terminology
Female: "does", Male: "bucks", Babies: "kits", Group: "mischief".
05
Companionship
Adopt at least two rats for social interaction.
02
Weight
Females: 225g-400g
Males: 250g-550g.
04
Temperment
Females are typically adventurous, males are cuddlier.
Living Space
01
Cage Size
Minimum 7-8 cubic feet for 2-4 rats; additional 2 cubic feet per additional rat.
03
Structure
Multi-level cages preferred for climbing and playing.
02
Type
Wired cages with solid bottoms to avoid respiratory issues and bumblefoot.
Cage Contents & Cleaning
01
Bedding
Use CareFRESH, paper-based litter, or fleece. Avoid clay-based cat litter and cedar/pine shavings.
03
Accessories
Include food dishes, water bottles, and a litter box.
02
Toys
Provide chew toys, boxes, tunnels, and hammocks.
04
Cage Cleaning
Thorough cleaning at least once a week; spot cleaning daily. Use unscented wipes, Dawn dish soap, and rat-friendly disinfectants. Ensure all cleaners are rinsed off.
Dietary Needs
Pellets
High-quality lab blocks or rat-specific pellets (e.g., Oxbow Rat Food).
Vegetables
1-2 teaspoons of vegetables and ½-1 teaspoon of fruit daily.
Treats
Offer cooked unseasoned meats, pasta, nuts, seeds, and grains sparingly. Avoid unhealthy foods like carbonated drinks and fried foods.
Water
Change water frequently and clean the bottle regularly.
Playtime & Exercise
Floor Time:
At least 1 hour daily; more for lone rats. Ensure the area is rat-proofed.
Exercise:
Provide space to run and play, with toys and hiding places.
Common Health Issues
01
Respiratory Illness
Susceptible to mycoplasma. Watch for sneezing, labored breathing, and porphyrin staining. Seek vet care promptly.
03
Signs of Pain
Look for changes in behavior, appetite, activity, posture, and breathing.
02
Tumors
Common, especially mammary and pituitary tumors. Spaying females reduces risks.
Bonding
01
With Humans
Interact frequently. Look for grooming, sleeping near you, bruxing, and boggling as signs of contentment.
02
With Other Rats
Introduce new rats slowly and incrementally. Monitor for signs of aggression.